Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
MSc of Midwifery, Student Research Committee, School of Midwifery Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2
Assistant Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3
Faculty Members, Department of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4
Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
5
Medical Surgical Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
6
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
Background: Postpartum perineal wounds, which often result from episiotomies or tears during childbirth, can lead to significant discomfort and complications. This study reviews the therapeutic potential of breast milk as a topical treatment that may enhance wound healing and alleviate pain in postpartum women, based on existing literature.
Materials and Methods: In this overview, a systematic search of electronic databases—including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, CIVILICA, and Google Scholar—was conducted without a time limit up to April 2024, using related keywords either alone or in combination. Two reviewers evaluated the quality of eligible studies and carried out the selection process.
Results: Four related studies were included in this overview. Research indicates that the topical application of breast milk can significantly enhance the healing of episiotomy wounds in postpartum women, demonstrating reductions in REEDA (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation) scale scores compared to standard care. Many women reported effective healing, and breast milk may outperform traditional antiseptics while alleviating pain. However, there are risks to consider, including the non-sterility of breast milk, which can introduce bacteria into wounds, as well as the potential for adherence to dressings, leading to trauma during dressing changes. Individual responses may also vary, with some women experiencing allergic reactions. Therefore, while breast milk shows promise for wound healing, its risks should be carefully weighed against the benefits, and a professional medical evaluation is recommended for serious wounds.
Conclusion: Topical application of breast milk can significantly enhance the healing of episiotomy wounds in postpartum women, often outperforming standard care. While many women experience effective healing, potential risks, such as non-sterility and dressing adherence, must be considered. Thus, the benefits of using breast milk for wound healing should be carefully weighed against its risks.
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