Background: This study aims to assess the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among Iranian children, focusing specifically on the dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index and the identification of contributing factors.
Materials and Methods: In this overview, the online databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CIVILICA, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies up to April 2024. Two independent reviewers performed the screening and selection of pertinent research.
Results: Six relevant studies were selected, including one meta-analysis, two systematic reviews, and three original research articles. A comprehensive analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses from 1990 to 2019 reveals a significant improvement in children’s oral health, with the mean dmft index decreasing from 4.37 in 1990 to 1.7 (range: 1.7–5.03) in 2019. Studies also indicate that the prevalence of ECC decreased from 72.8% in 2018 to 46.2% in 2019, with an overall prevalence of 59.5% (range: 46.2% to 72.8%). Moreover, 53.3% (range: 33.5% to 73.2%) of children under six are affected by ECC, with a mean dmft of 2.7 (range: 1.37 to 4.03). Several key factors, such as lower socioeconomic status, maternal education, dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, and access to dental care, are associated with the prevalence and severity of ECC among children.
Conclusion: The review of studies reveals both progress and ongoing challenges in addressing this public health issue. The mean dmft index has significantly decreased from 4.37 to 1.7, indicating improvements in children’s oral health. However, 53.3% of children under six are still affected by ECC, with a mean dmft of 2.7, highlighting the need for continued efforts.