Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 4 2 2024 12 01 Effectiveness of Chamomile on Managing Oligomenorrhea in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial 63 74 209915 10.22034/hp.2024.489970.1050 EN Hossein Ali Kharazmi Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Center of Children’s Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. 0000-0002-5314-9576 Maryam Mirzaei Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran. Fahimeh Alizadeh Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Milad Infertility Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0001-9567-868X Maliheh Afiat Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Milad Infertility Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0001-9630-6490 Ali Asgari Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Center of Children's Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran. 0000-0002-4288-054X Journal Article 2024 11 21 Background: The use of complementary and alternative medicine in managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has gained attention due to its potential benefits and fewer side effects compared to conventional treatments. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of chamomile in improving clinical symptoms in women with PCOS, specifically focusing on oligomenorrhea, menstrual cycle regularity, and the presence of dominant follicles. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria, who were referred to the women's clinic at Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal groups: the intervention group received two 500 mg chamomile capsules daily, while the placebo group received two placebo capsules daily for three months. The response to treatment was evaluated three months post-intervention. Results: Finally, 60 participants remained in the study, with mean ages of 25.43 ± 5.58 years for the chamomile group and 28.06 ± 5.71 years for the placebo group (p > 0.05). In the chamomile group, symptoms of oligomenorrhea decreased following treatment (p = 0.048); however, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Notably, 30% of participants in the chamomile group experienced a significant reduction in longer menstrual cycles (over 35 days) (p = 0.049), and there was a significant increase in dominant follicles after treatment (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Chamomile treatment significantly reduced symptoms of oligomenorrhea and improved menstrual regularity in the intervention group. One-third of the participants in the chamomile group experienced a significant reduction in longer menstrual cycles (over 35 days), and there was an increase in dominant follicles, suggesting enhanced ovarian function. These findings highlight the potential benefits of chamomile for menstrual health in women with PCOS.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_209915_94d9d5ed1ecb963d005cee33db5d0838.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 4 2 2024 12 01 Impact of Educational Intervention on Iranian Adults’ Attitudes and Intentions towards the COVID-19 Booster Dose 75 84 210298 10.22034/hp.2024.491234.1052 EN Alireza Akhlaghi MSc of Health Education and Promotion, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 0000-0003-1662-6174 Moslem Sharifi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. 0009-0001-9445-9087 Soleiman Afroughi Assistant Professor in Biostatics, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. 0000-0002-1314-2206 Amer Yazdanparast Associate Professor of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 0000-0001-7307-4420 Sayed Fazel Zinat Motlagh Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. 0000-0003-4395-6793 Journal Article 2024 11 28 Background: Vaccination is crucial for controlling COVID-19 transmission and reducing severe illness. Despite the significant impact of initial doses, emerging variants and waning immunity underscore the need for booster doses, particularly the third dose. This study aims to investigate the impact of an educational intervention on the attitudes and behavioral intentions of Iranian adults towards the COVID-19 booster dose. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Bushehr, Iran, in 2022 and involved 100 individuals aged 18 years or older who had not received the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants were selected using the SIB system and a convenience sampling method. The educational intervention consisted of eight training sessions based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Participants completed a researcher-designed questionnaire before the intervention and two months later. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16.0). Results: A total of 100 individuals participated in this study, with a mean age of 36 years (SD = 11.4). The majority of participants were men (68%). Before the intervention, 13% of participants reported a history of chronic disease, and 51% had been infected with COVID-19. The results of the paired t-test demonstrated a significant improvement in participants’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward vaccination after the educational intervention (p < 0.05). Specifically, attitudes improved from a mean score of 48.65 to 50.72 (p< 0.017), and behavioral intentions increased from 8.78 to 11.94 (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results, the educational intervention significantly improved participants’ attitudes and behavioral intentions toward vaccination. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the intervention in enhancing readiness for vaccination and promoting vaccine uptake.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_210298_0d0fea3013170fee5cc8632b64ea950f.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 4 2 2024 12 01 The Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in Iran: An Overview of Recent Findings, Systematic Reviews, and Meta-Analyses 85 93 210537 10.22034/hp.2024.491853.1053 EN Fatemeh Behzad MSc in Health Education and Health Promotion, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0003-4964-8054 Mahdieh Nourzadeh Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-9853-7073 Saeid Rasouli Periodontist, Faculty of Dentistry, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.. 0009-0009-1845-6405 Journal Article 2024 12 02 Background: This study aims to assess the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among Iranian children, focusing specifically on the dmft (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index and the identification of contributing factors. Materials and Methods: In this overview, the online databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CIVILICA, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies up to April 2024. Two independent reviewers performed the screening and selection of pertinent research. Results: Six relevant studies were selected, including one meta-analysis, two systematic reviews, and three original research articles. A comprehensive analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses from 1990 to 2019 reveals a significant improvement in children’s oral health, with the mean dmft index decreasing from 4.37 in 1990 to 1.7 (range: 1.7–5.03) in 2019. Studies also indicate that the prevalence of ECC decreased from 72.8% in 2018 to 46.2% in 2019, with an overall prevalence of 59.5% (range: 46.2% to 72.8%). Moreover, 53.3% (range: 33.5% to 73.2%) of children under six are affected by ECC, with a mean dmft of 2.7 (range: 1.37 to 4.03). Several key factors, such as lower socioeconomic status, maternal education, dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, and access to dental care, are associated with the prevalence and severity of ECC among children. Conclusion: The review of studies reveals both progress and ongoing challenges in addressing this public health issue. The mean dmft index has significantly decreased from 4.37 to 1.7, indicating improvements in children’s oral health. However, 53.3% of children under six are still affected by ECC, with a mean dmft of 2.7, highlighting the need for continued efforts.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_210537_ece3821fc2c98ac12b5ea3dd2e8654b3.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 4 2 2024 12 01 Shaping a Healthier Future: Understanding and Supporting Generation Z 95 98 211356 10.22034/hp.2024.494151.1054 EN Saba Vakili Medical Genetic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-9315-9736 Rahim Vakili Professor, Pediatric Endocrinologist, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-7707-7052 Journal Article 2024 12 15 Generation Z (Gen Z), born between 1997 and 2012, faces distinct health needs shaped by their digital upbringing and significant mental health challenges. With nearly 42% reporting anxiety and depression, this generation experiences heightened emotional distress exacerbated by social media pressures, academic stress, and cyberbullying (1). While Gen Z is more open about mental health issues than previous generations, their reliance on digital platforms for health information presents both opportunities for support and risks of misinformation. To effectively meet these challenges, targeted early interventions are essential, as studies show they can improve mental health outcomes and resilience. By prioritizing mental health support and enhancing digital literacy and nutritional habits, we can empower Generation Z to navigate their unique challenges and foster a healthier future (2, 3). This brief letter to the editor will examine the mental health challenges faced by Generation Z, their health information-seeking behaviors, nutritional concerns, and the effectiveness of early interventions in fostering resilience and well-being. Understanding these dynamics is essential for creating effective strategies to support this generation in navigating a complex world.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_211356_74c9926caeda814a756609b7f6ff3f36.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 4 2 2024 12 01 Prevalence of Epilepsy in Children and Adolescents Worldwide: A Literature Overview 99 108 208317 10.22034/hp.2024.485254.1047 EN Mohammad Eslamian Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0006-8524-2122 Hassan Shafiei MD, Infectious Disease Specialist, Borazjan, Iran. 0000-0002-6844-771X Fazlollah Mojahed MD, Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesiology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. Abbas Bahreini MD, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Journal Article 2024 10 24 Background: Epilepsy in children is a significant public health concern. The study aims to synthesize evidence regarding the global prevalence and incidence rates of epilepsy among children and adolescents, as well as the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: In this overview, online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for related studies up to May 2024. The selection procedure was conducted by two reviewers. Results: In total, six studies were included in the analysis. Approximately 0.9 million children in Europe have active epilepsy, with a prevalence of 4.5 to 5.0 per 1,000. In Africa, the cumulative prevalence is 17.3 per 1,000, with active epilepsy at 6.8 per 1,000. Prevalence rates vary regionally from 3.2 to 8.1 per 1,000 in developed areas and from 3.6 to 44 per 1,000 in developing regions. The highest prevalence occurs in children aged 5 to 9 years, at approximately 374.8 per 100,000. The estimated annual incidence rate for children in Europe is around 70 per 100,000, with overall rates ranging from 41 to 187 per 100,000, particularly higher in underdeveloped countries during the first year of life. Common causes of epilepsy differ by region: developing countries often cite birth asphyxia and infectious diseases, while developed nations report brain tumors and traumatic injuries. Socioeconomic factors significantly influence these rates, leading to higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusion: The global burden of epilepsy among children is significantly higher in low- and middle-income countries, influenced by geographic and socioeconomic factors. This highlights the urgent need for early detection and targeted public health interventions, particularly since the highest incidence occurs during the first year of life.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_208317_b232c8d9f3476b035e42925c5c4ab538.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 4 2 2024 12 01 Effects of Topical Breast Milk in Promoting Episiotomy Wound Healing: An Overview of Literature 109 116 211060 10.22034/hp.2024.401051.1039 EN Kobra Sadat Hossaini MSc of Midwifery, Student Research Committee, School of Midwifery Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0009-0004-3240-4728 Nahid Jahani Shoorab Assistant Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Sedigheh Shariatmoghani Faculty Members, Department of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-6427-8912 Farideh Akhlaghi Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0003-2014-8494 Seyed Reza Mazlom Medical Surgical Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0001-7981-3917 Saman Soleimanpour Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0003-3166-8292 Journal Article 2023 06 07 Background: Postpartum perineal wounds, which often result from episiotomies or tears during childbirth, can lead to significant discomfort and complications. This study reviews the therapeutic potential of breast milk as a topical treatment that may enhance wound healing and alleviate pain in postpartum women, based on existing literature. Materials and Methods: In this overview, a systematic search of electronic databases—including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, CIVILICA, and Google Scholar—was conducted without a time limit up to April 2024, using related keywords either alone or in combination. Two reviewers evaluated the quality of eligible studies and carried out the selection process. Results: Four related studies were included in this overview. Research indicates that the topical application of breast milk can significantly enhance the healing of episiotomy wounds in postpartum women, demonstrating reductions in REEDA (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation) scale scores compared to standard care. Many women reported effective healing, and breast milk may outperform traditional antiseptics while alleviating pain. However, there are risks to consider, including the non-sterility of breast milk, which can introduce bacteria into wounds, as well as the potential for adherence to dressings, leading to trauma during dressing changes. Individual responses may also vary, with some women experiencing allergic reactions. Therefore, while breast milk shows promise for wound healing, its risks should be carefully weighed against the benefits, and a professional medical evaluation is recommended for serious wounds. Conclusion: Topical application of breast milk can significantly enhance the healing of episiotomy wounds in postpartum women, often outperforming standard care. While many women experience effective healing, potential risks, such as non-sterility and dressing adherence, must be considered. Thus, the benefits of using breast milk for wound healing should be carefully weighed against its risks.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_211060_25f56bb8500eae5e05b0422ab1c8caf8.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 4 2 2024 12 01 Evaluating Nutritional Status and Growth Hormone Deficiency in Iranian Children with Cystic Fibrosis 117 129 213032 10.22034/hp.2025.498749.1055 EN Hossein Ali Kharazmi Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Center of Children’s Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. 0000-0002-5314-9576 Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi Department of Pediatrics, Zabol University of Mediacl Sciences, Zabol, Iran. 0000-0003-0533-5320 Hashem Lashgari Kalat Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Center of Children's Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Ali Asgari Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Center of Children's Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran. 0000-0002-4288-054X Journal Article 2025 01 08 Background: The relationship between nutritional status and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is complex. CF leads to malnutrition due to malabsorption and respiratory complications, which complicates growth. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional status and prevalence of GHD in Iranian children diagnosed with CF. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran, involving children under 19 years with CF diagnoses based on two positive sweat tests showing chloride levels above 60 mmol/L. A total of 127 patients were included in the study during a one-year period. Data collection encompassed demographic and anthropometric measurements, clinical evaluations, and growth hormone stimulation tests to assess nutritional status, respiratory function, and bone mineral density. Results: The study included 125 patients with CF and a mean age of 8.3 years. The findings revealed that 30.4% were below the 5th height percentile, while 45.6% were below the 10th percentile. Males had a mean body mass index (BMI) Z-score of -0.88, whereas females had a Z-score of -1.06; 76.4% of males and 81.1% of females were below the 50th percentile for BMI (P > 0.05). Short stature was more prevalent in older age groups, particularly among those aged 10-19, where it affected 40.5% of individuals (P = 0.03). Significant correlations were found between height percentiles and lung function (P = 0.014), as well as between height percentiles and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05). Among those below the 5th height percentile, 32.3% had low growth hormone levels indicative of GHD, particularly in males (P = 0.31). Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of short stature and low BMI among patients with cystic fibrosis, particularly in older children. Significant correlations between growth, lung function, and bone mineral density underscore the need for monitoring and early interventions to improve health outcomes.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_213032_8975e2836ba217ce7123c302a3d5e321.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 4 2 2024 12 01 Visual Impairments among School Students: A Public Health Concern 131 134 214465 10.22034/hp.2025.503404.1057 EN Razieh Bahreini PhD in Vision Science, College of Optometry, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon, USA. 0000-0002-0929-2623 Journal Article 2025 01 30 Dear Editor-in-Chief, Visual impairments (VI) among school students represent a significant public health concern, affecting educational performance and overall development. Recent studies indicate considerable variations in the prevalence of visual impairments among school-aged children across different regions and research studies: 1. Prevalence Rates of Visual Impairments Global Context: A comprehensive study indicated that the overall prevalence rate of VI among students aged 6 to 18 years was approximately 57.93%, with a notable increase during the COVID-19 pandemic (from 53.48% to 54.65%) (2). This increase was especially notable in older age groups, with prevalence rates reaching 80.04% among 17-year-olds and 79.64% among 18-year-olds (1). Qatar: A study reported that 10.4% of students in government schools and 12.6% in private schools had abnormal visual acuity (2). Basra, Iraq: In Basra, a study indicated that 24% of elementary students had poor grades, suggesting a correlation between visual impairment and academic performance (3).

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_214465_aa6a411c7be811521c41713e18c00ce8.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 4 2 2024 12 01 Effects of Vitamin B6 and St. John’s Wort on Maternal Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms and Children’s School Activities: A Secondary Study 135 147 222218 10.22034/hp.2025.527726.1068 EN Maryam Mirzaei Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran. 0000-0003-2758-853X Journal Article 2025 06 01 Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms occurring before menstruation. This secondary analysis compared the effectiveness of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) in reducing PMS symptoms and evaluated impacts on participants' daughters' school activities. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial (secondary analysis), 251 women diagnosed with PMS were assigned to receive Hypericum perforatum (550 mg/day), vitamin B6 (80 mg/day), or placebo for two menstrual cycles. PMS symptom severity was assessed using the Daily Symptom Record (DSR) questionnaire before and after treatment. Additionally, 150 daughters of participants completed a six-point scale evaluating the impact of their mothers' treatment on their school activities during the same period. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and repeated measures tests. Results: A total of 251 women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and 150 of their daughters participated in this study. Repeated measures analysis revealed that all three groups—Hypericum perforatum, vitamin B6, and placebo—showed reductions in PMS symptom severity over the study period. Although the Hypericum perforatum group exhibited the largest decrease, the differences among the groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.202). Similarly, while there was a general trend toward improved school activities among the daughters, these changes were not statistically significant between groups (p = 0.363). Overall, improvements in maternal PMS symptoms did not translate into significant differences in the school activities of their daughters. Conclusion: Vitamin B6 and Hypericum perforatum may be effective, accessible, and low-risk options for reducing PMS symptoms. However, improvements in maternal symptoms did not significantly influence the school activities of their daughters.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_222218_a8dc9912a5d01eb652ddcb3305e6bde6.pdf