Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 2 2 2022 12 01 COVID-19 Vaccine Injection Techniques and Considerations for Healthcare Providers 51 54 155408 10.22034/hp.2022.355133.1021 EN Shokofeh Masoudi Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Journal Article 2022 08 27 Dear Editor-in-Chief, Appropriate vaccine administration is essential for achieving optimal safety and efficacy in vaccination. It is crucial to administer the vaccine at the correct site and use the appropriate injection technique. Injecting too far to the side of the arm or too low on the arm risks injury to the axillary or radial nerve, which can cause burning or shooting pain during the procedure and may lead to nerve damage (neuropathy or paralysis). The COVID-19 vaccine should be injected into the deltoid muscle in the upper arm, specifically in its central and thickest portion. If there is insufficient muscle mass in the deltoid area or if, for any reason, the deltoid muscle is unsuitable, the alternative site for injection can be the vastus lateralis muscle in the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. Injection technique, along with the choice of needle length and gauge (diameter), as well as the injection site, are important considerations, as they can affect the immunogenicity of the vaccine and the risk of local reactions at the injection site.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_155408_ffcbf517eec81750e2cf67b44f3c4d9f.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 2 2 2022 12 01 Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and its Related Factors among Healthcare Staff: A Systematic Review 55 65 152716 10.22034/hp.2022.349479.1016 EN Haniyeh Nikpour Occupational Medicine Specialist, Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-0118-947X Shima Imannezhad Pediatric Neurologist, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-5537-2763 Maryam Soleimani Houni Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 0000-0001-9249-0454 Zahra Rajabzadeh Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Mahdieh Jafari Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-1416-196X Journal Article 2022 06 28 Background: Individuals working in healthcare environments are exposed to various serious risks and injuries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and its associated factors among Iranian healthcare staff. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, a comprehensive search of online databases (Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, SID, CIVILICA, Magiran, and Google Scholar) was conducted for relevant studies with no time limit up to February 2022. Two reviewers evaluated the quality of eligible studies and carried out the selection process. The quality of the information was assessed using the STROBE guidelines. Results: Finally, 16 studies were included in the review. Among the healthcare staff, 58.7% (ranging from 32% to 85.5%) experienced moderate burnout. Additionally, 38.7% of the staff reported high emotional exhaustion (EE), 58.5% reported high depersonalization (DP), and 74.4% had low personal achievement (PA) scores. High scores in EE and DP, along with low scores in PA, indicate a high level of burnout. There was a significant direct correlation between occupational burnout and factors such as age, gender, marital status, type of employment, financial problems, disease history, educational degree, place of work, and work experience (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant inverse correlation between occupational burnout and income satisfaction (P = 0.01, r = -0.19), quality of life (P < 0.001), EE (P = 0.001), job satisfaction (P < 0.001, r = -0.46), and job performance (P = 0.000, r = -0.249). Conclusion: This review highlights a significant prevalence of burnout among healthcare staff, with 58.7% experiencing moderate burnout and alarming rates of emotional exhaustion (38.7%) and depersonalization (58.5%). The findings indicate a need for targeted interventions, such as stress management programs, to improve staff well-being and job satisfaction.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_152716_df04a0e5077269eeb48c275ecb82e1ff.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 2 2 2022 12 01 The Epidemiological Patterns of Childhood Injuries and Accidents among Iranian Children: A Systematic Review 67 77 156111 10.22034/hp.2022.339695.1022 EN Seyedeh Mozhgan Heidari Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Maryam Naseri Fellowship of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-8420-0485 Hossein Akhavan Assistant Professor of Pediatric Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-9516-5013 Masumeh Rafiee Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Mahsa Rajaei Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Anis Pouyanfar Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Shirvan, Iran. 0000-0001-5729-1484 Journal Article 2022 09 05 Background: Injuries caused by accidents are the leading causes of disability, permanent deformities, and death among children. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological patterns of childhood accidents and injuries, as well as the associated factors affecting Iranian children. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, a comprehensive search of online databases (Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CIVILICA, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar) was conducted for relevant studies with no time limit up to June 2022, utilizing the appropriate MeSH keywords. Two reviewers evaluated the quality of eligible studies and performed the selection process. Results: Nine studies (published between 2005 and June 2022) with a combined sample size of 20,591 were included in this review. Overall, 70% of accidents occurred in the home. The incidence of accidents among children ranged from 16% to 40% across the studies, and the mean age of accident victims was 2.5 ± 1.5 years. Boys accounted for the majority of victims (59.4%). The most frequent causes of accidents were traffic accidents (53.4%), followed by physical injury (50.7%), falls (44.3%), and swallowing foreign objects (22%). Furthermore, 93.3% of accidents occurred in urban areas. A significant association was found between accidents and gender, age, type of housing, location of the accident, higher parental education, season, and types of injury (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that 70% of accidents involving children occurred at home. The most common type of accident was traffic-related, followed by physical injuries, falls, and swallowing incidents. It appears that nearly all home accidents can be prevented through education. Therefore, developing educational and preventive policies is essential to improve road safety standards and reduce home accidents and injuries in Iran.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_156111_e0033450f3afca040694287e07f28a74.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 2 2 2022 12 01 Factors Affecting Maternal Mortality in different Areas of Iran: A Systematic Review 79 95 156570 10.22034/hp.2022.361682.1024 EN Anis Pouyanfar Anesthesiologist, Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Shirvan, Iran. 0000-0001-5729-1484 Molood Bolourian Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-5696-0874 Benyamin Fazli Assistant Professor of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Masumeh Ghazanfarpour Department of Midwifery, Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 0000-0003-4639-3711 Maryam Sabaghian MSc of Biophysics, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran. 0000-0003-4387-590X Fahimeh Shakeri MSc of Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran. Journal Article 2022 09 11 Background: Lowering the maternal death rate is a goal for many health organizations worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in different regions of Iran. Materials and Methods: For this systematic review, we conducted a comprehensive search of online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CIVILICA, SID, Magiran, and Google Scholar) for relevant studies published up to July 2022, using appropriate MeSH keywords. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality and selected the studies. Results: A total of 21 relevant studies were selected. The maternal mortality rate (MMR) during the study period ranged from 15.8 per 100,000 live births in Tehran to 384 per 100,000 live births in Sistan and Baluchestan province. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the MMR in Iran decreased from 123 to 25 deaths per 100,000 live births between 1990 and 2018. The leading causes of maternal death were hemorrhage (43.7%), preeclampsia/eclampsia (24.5%), other hypertensive disorders (24%), and embolism (22.8%). A significant association was found between maternal mortality and pre-pregnancy care, pregnancy-related diseases, mode of delivery, maternal education level, maternal age, and the need for specialized care, birth attendant, delivery location, maternal socioeconomic status, and interpregnancy interval (p < 0.05). Conclusion: While Iran has made significant progress in reducing maternal mortality, rates varied considerably across provinces, ranging from 15.8 to 384 per 100,000 live births. This disparity warrants further attention. Hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, hypertensive disorders, and embolism were the most common causes of maternal death.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_156570_1dc06fb4db6f0ef3633e616a2a233e8c.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 2 2 2022 12 01 Prevalence and Risk Factors of Malnutrition among Primary School Children in Iran: A Systematic Review 97 109 157169 10.22034/hp.2022.362440.1025 EN Saeed Mohammadi Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-9360-8861 Molood Bolourian Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-5696-0874 Mohaddeseh Badpeyma Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. 0000-0001-8150-8997 Mona Nasiri Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0002-2013-4749 Anahita Alizadeh Ghamsari Associate Professor, Fellowship of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Clinical Toxicology, MTRC Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Mashed University of Medical Sciences, Mashed, Iran. Samaneh Movahedinia Kerman University Of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 0000-0003-4236-8463 Journal Article 2022 09 16 Background: Malnutrition poses a significant threat to children's health and remains the leading cause of childhood mortality in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region. This study aims to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and identify its associated risk factors among primary school children in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, a systematic search of online databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CIVILICA, SID, and Google Scholar) was conducted for related studies with no time limit up to June 2022. Two reviewers evaluated the quality of eligible studies and carried out the selection procedure. Results: Twelve related studies were selected. The prevalence of malnutrition based on weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height was 24.9% (underweight, 3.2-46.6%), 19.9% (stunting, 3-36.9%), and 28.5% (wasting, 3.7-53.3%), respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed that the risk of malnutrition in rural areas was 1.34 times that of urban areas, in girls 1.17 times that of boys, in the Sistani ethnic group 1.82 times that of the Fars ethnic group, and in low-income families 2.01 times that of high-income families. Thinness was significantly higher in public schools than in private schools. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the consumption of snacks and wasting in schoolchildren. Birth weight, parental education, father’s height, father’s job, family income, and maternal age were significant contributing factors to malnutrition in schoolchildren (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition among Iranian schoolchildren in Sistan and Balochistan, Kerman, and Kurdistan provinces was relatively high in terms of wasting, stunting, and being underweight. The risk of malnutrition was higher in rural areas, girls from the Sistani ethnic group, and low-income families.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_157169_6a58e3032e1e693b42027262a1298ae9.pdf

Masumeh Saeidi Health Providers 2820-9192 2 2 2022 12 01 The Relationship between Adolescents' Physical Literacy and Physical Activity Information Sources 111 121 180355 10.22034/hp.2023.418463.1042 EN Mansoure Alipour-Anbarani Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-9563-7383 Mohtasham Ghaffari Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Montazeri Health Metric Research Center, Iranian Institute of Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Amir Kavousi Health Promotion Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Ramezankhani Health Promotion Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-3109-1641 Journal Article 2023 09 28 Background: Physical literacy is crucial for promoting a healthy lifestyle. Adolescents learn about physical activity from diverse sources like the Internet, parents, physical education specialists, and friends. This study investigates the relationship between adolescents' physical literacy and their sources of information regarding physical activity. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 510 Iranian adolescents aged 16-18 years were randomly selected from high schools in Tehran during the 2021 academic year. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire that assessed both general characteristics and physical literacy. The physical literacy section of the questionnaire included 34 items spanning four dimensions: information acquisition, information comprehension, information assessment, and self-care skills. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16.0). Results: This study assessed physical literacy among 510 Iranian adolescents (50.2% girls, aged 16–18). Most (61.4%) spent 1–4 hours daily online, 58.6% were sports club members, and 42.4% used the Internet for physical activity information. Physical literacy scores showed 35.3% had insufficient literacy, 43.7% good, and 21% excellent. No significant gender (p = 0.370) or age differences (p = 0.448) were found in overall scores, though the self-care domain varied by age (p= 0.012). Adolescents guided by club coaches had higher scores than those relying on parents (p = 0.008). Significant differences were observed in the acquisition (p = 0.004), assessment (p = 0.047), and self-care (p = 0.001) domains but not comprehension (p = 0.088). Interestingly, non-members of sports clubs scored higher overall (p = 0.001), particularly in acquisition and self-care domains. Conclusion: This study of 510 Iranian adolescents revealed that while most had good or excellent physical literacy, 35.3% had insufficient levels. Those who received information from club coaches scored higher, while non-sports club members had better overall scores. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions that utilize trusted sources like coaches and accessible platforms to enhance physical literacy and promote healthier lifestyles among adolescents.

https://www.health-providers.ir/article_180355_6a6e5191499408962845ea54c35fe22a.pdf